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The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the correct answer as it is the primary regulatory body responsible for supervising and regulating the securities markets in the United States. Established by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the SEC's main purposes are to protect investors, maintain fair and orderly functioning of the securities markets, and facilitate capital formation. The SEC oversees the securities industry, enforces securities laws, and ensures that market participants adhere to regulations designed to lessen risks of fraud and market manipulation.

In the context of the other commissions mentioned, the Federal Reserve primarily deals with monetary policy and banking regulation rather than securities markets specifically. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) operates as a self-regulatory organization that oversees brokerage firms and exchange markets but does not have the broad regulatory authority over the entire securities market that the SEC possesses. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) focuses on consumer protection in the financial sector, ensuring that consumers are treated fairly, but it does not regulate securities markets.